Changes in Employment Prospects for Black Males

macroeconomics, employment, black males

The future path and consequences of the U.S. earnings/education gap

Both the growing college/high school earnings gap and the generally slow growth of real earnings have generated frustration with the political system. in the short run the earnings gap is likely to remain at roughly its current level. Over time, however, the increased concentration of low income households in poor school districts could perpetuate and exacerbate inequality.Education ; Wages

Inequality and Institutions in 20th Century America

We provide a comprehensive view of widening income inequality in the United States contrasting conditions since 1980 with those in earlier postwar years. We argue that the income distribution in each period was strongly shaped by a set of economic institutions. The early postwar years were dominated by unions, a negotiating framework set in the Treaty of Detroit, progressive taxes, and a high minimum wage -- all parts of a general government effort to broadly distribute the gains from growth. More recent years have been characterized by reversals in all these dimensions in an institutional pattern known as the Washington Consensus. Other explanations for income disparities including skill-biased technical change and international trade are seen as factors operating within this broader institutional story.

Macroeconomic Aspects of Substance Abuse: Diffusion, Productivity and Optimal Control

This paper deals dynamically with macroeconomic aspects of widespread substance abuse with a reference to illicit drugs as an example. Substance-abuse impedes the productivity of the labour force and subsequently economic growth. The labour force is divided into non-using and therefore fully productive workers, a number of whom are employed by the government in drug-control activities, and drug users who are only partially productive. An efficient management of the nation's portfolio of workers is taken to be the trajectory of drug-control that maximises the present value of the stream of disposable national incomes.Substance abuse, labour productivity, national income, optimal control

Price Setting and Price Adjustment in Some European Union Countries: Introduction to the Special Issue

This introductory essay briefly summarizes the eleven empirical studies of price setting and price adjustment that are included in this special issue. The studies, which use data from several European countries, were conducted as part of the European Central Bank’s Inflation Persistence Network.Price Rigidity; Price Flexibility; Cost of Price Adjustment; Menu Cost; Managerial and Customer Cost of Price Adjustment; Pricing; Price System; Price Setting; New Keynesian Economics; Store-Level Data; Micro-Level Data; Product-Level Data

Price Setting and Price Adjustment in Some European Union Countries: Introduction to the Special Issue

This introductory essay briefly summarizes the eleven empirical studies of price setting and price adjustment that are included in this special issue. The studies, which use data from several European countries, were conducted as part of the European Central Bank’s Inflation Persistence Network.Price Rigidity, Price Flexibility, Cost of Price Adjustment, Menu Cost, Managerial and Customer Cost of Price Adjustment, Pricing, Price System, Price Setting, New Keynesian Economics, Store-Level Data, Micro-Level Data, Product-Level Data

Drugs and Growth-Efficient Prevention: An Inter-temporal Portfolio of Machos, Narcos and Angels

In many countries substance abuse is a social epidemic. This paper deals conceptually with some macroeconomic aspects of widespread substance abuse with special reference to narcotic drugs. The labour force is divided into non-using and therefore fully productive workers, a number of whom are employed by the government in drug-use prevention, and only partially productive drug users. An efficient management of the nation’s portfolio of workers is taken to be the trajectory of drug-prevention that maximises the present value of the stream of the disposable national incomes.Substance abuse, labour productivity, national income

Standards, information, and the demand for student achievement

Higher student achievement, say the authors, has been severely hampered by a lack of good information comparing achievement levels with today's labor market requirements. They argue that by obtaining this information--in the form of academic standards and assessments--parents can more accurately evaluate the quality of their children's education.Education

The Growing Importance of Cognitive Skills in Wage Determination

Using data from two longitudinal surveys of American high school seniors, we show that basic cognitive skills had a larger impact on wages for 24-year-old men and women in 1986 than in 1978. For women, the increase in the return to cognitive skills between 1978 and 1986 accounts for all of the increase in the wage premium associated with post-secondary education. We also show that high school seniors' mastery of basic cognitive skills had a much smaller impact on wages two years after graduation than on wages six years after graduation.